The Mechanics of Credit Card Interest
Credit cards are a convenient financial tool, but they carry some of the highest interest rates among consumer loans. Interest is calculated using your Annual Percentage Rate (APR), which is divided by 365 to determine your daily interest rate. This daily rate is then multiplied by your average daily balance and compounded daily. Carrying a balance month-over-month leads to interest compounding on top of interest, rapidly increasing your total debt.
Two Main Debt Payoff Strategies
When tackling multiple credit card balances, financial planners generally recommend one of two structured strategies:
- The Debt Avalanche Method: Pay off the card with the highest APR first, while making minimum payments on all others. Once the highest-interest card is cleared, roll the payment amount into the next highest APR card. This method minimizes the total interest you pay.
- The Debt Snowball Method: Pay off the smallest balance first, regardless of APR. Once that card is clear, move the payment to the next smallest balance. This method builds psychological momentum through quick wins.
The Danger of Minimum Payments
Credit card companies typically set minimum monthly payments at a very low percentage of the balance (e.g., 2% of the balance plus interest, or a flat $25). Paying only the minimum is designed to keep you in debt for decades. For example, paying only the minimum on a $5,000 balance at 22% APR can take over 20 years to pay off and cost you double the original balance in interest alone.