The Mathematics of Salary
While simple in theory, pay conversion depends on several constants:
- Work Year: Standard is 52 weeks.
- Standard Hours: 40 hours per week is the benchmark for full-time employment in the US.
- Work Days: ~260 weekdays per year (before holidays).
Unadjusted vs. Adjusted Hourly Rates
There are two ways to look at your hourly value:
- Unadjusted: Annual Salary / (52 weeks * 40 hours). This is what appears on your pay stub.
- Adjusted (The "True" Rate): Annual Salary / (Actual hours worked). By subtracting holidays and vacation, your "True" value per working hour is always higher.
Standard Pay Frequencies
Different companies pay on different schedules. Here's how to convert your annual salary ($100k example):
- Monthly (12/yr): $8,333.33
- Semi-Monthly (24/yr): $4,166.67 (Paid twice a month, usually on the 1st and 15th).
- Bi-Weekly (26/yr): $3,846.15 (Paid every other Friday).
Standard Work Benchmarks (US):
- • Federal Holidays: ~11 days per year.
- • Average Vacation: 10 - 15 days for private sector.
- • Total Productive Days: ~235 - 240 days per year.
Overtime Math
If you are a non-exempt employee, any work over 40 hours/week usually qualifies for "Time-and-a-half" (1.5x hourly rate). In our calculator, we focus on base salary, but understanding your base hourly rate is the first step in calculating your overtime potential.
Planning for Taxes
Remember that this tool calculates your Gross Salary. To find your "Take-Home Pay," you must subtract Federal Income Tax, Social Security (6.2%), Medicare (1.45%), and State taxes. Depending on your location, your net pay could be 25-35% lower than the numbers shown here.